Steel, alumina ishishini ivalvu amatyala ukusebenza valve cast iinxalenye zentsimbi ukubonakala iimfuno zomgangatho

Steel, alumina ishishini ivalvu amatyala ukusebenza valve cast iinxalenye zentsimbi ukubonakala iimfuno zomgangatho

Ivalve yebhola, ivalve yeglowubhu, ivalve yebhabhathane
Iivalve zentsimbi ziya kuhlolwa okwesibini emva kokuba zinxitywe kwaye zilungiswe, kwaye ziya kuvavanywa kwiziphene ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu ngokwezithombe ezichazwe kulo mgangatho (jonga iSahluko 4). Lo mgangatho uqokelele i-12 yeentlobo zeminyaka yesiphene somgangatho (jonga i-4.1-4.12, uhlobo ngalunye lwesiphene lubandakanya iimeko ezi-5 ezimelwe ngu-A, B, C, D kunye no-E. Zonke iintlobo zesiphene [uhlobo a} ukukhanya c}} amagama kwiifoto zokulinganisa zichazwe kuphela ngenxa yeziphene ezingaphezulu Iindidi kunye neempawu zeziphene ezahlukeneyo zomphezulu zichazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Uluhlu olu-1
Lo mgangatho uchaza iintlobo kunye neempawu zokukhubazeka komphezulu kwiivalve, iiflange, izixhobo zombhobho kunye nezinye iintsimbi zokuxinzelela.
Lo mgangatho usebenza ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo kunye nokwamkelwa komgangatho womphezulu wee-valve, iiflanges, izixhobo zombhobho kunye nezinye iintsimbi zokuxinzelela.
2. Uvavanyo lomgangatho womphezulu
Iintsimbi zetsimbi kufuneka zihlolwe okwesibini emva kokulungiswa kunye nokucuthwa, kwaye iziphene eziphezu kwendawo yokulahla kufuneka zihlolwe ngokwezithombe ezichazwe kulo mgangatho (jonga iSahluko 4).
3. Ukulinganisa inkcazo yesithombe
3.1 Lo mgangatho uqokelela iintlobo zeminyaka eyi-12 yesiphene somhlaba (jonga i-4.1–4.12), uhlobo ngalunye lwesiphene lubandakanya iimeko ezi-5 ezimelwe ngu-A, B, C, D no-E, iimeko ezimbini eziboniswe ngu-A no-B zamkelekile (ezifanelekileyo), kunye namatyala amathathu ka-C, D kunye no-E azamkelekanga (ezingafanelekanga) iziphene. Ukuqwalasela iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-wax esebenzisa umgangatho ofanayo ukumisela ubungakanani bobubanzi bomhlaba wokuphosa, iifoto ezingama-60 ezibonelelwe kulo mgangatho ziyimizekelo yobukhulu bokwenene bemizobo nayiphi na i-4 X 100 mm X 125 mm yendawo yokuphosa ekhankanyiweyo. umphezulu.
3. 2 Zonke iintlobo zeziphene kwiifoto zokukala [Thayipha a} ukukhanya c}} amagama achazwe ukuba asebenze kuphela kwiziphene ezingaphezulu. Iindidi kunye neempawu zesiphene somphezulu ngamnye zichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
a} ukuqhekeka: ukuqhekeka komgca kumphezulu weentsimbi zentsimbi ngenxa yesenzo soxinzelelo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo iintanda ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo azifaneleki.
b) Umngxunya ocuthekileyo: Ngenxa yentsimbi}} L-1}}, ekugalelweni nasekusikeni isikhuphukeli sentsimbi yokusa, imilo ayiqhelekanga ngokugqithisileyo, udonga lurhabaxa kwaye kukho imingxuma yekristale efana nedendri.
C) Imingxuma yeSanti (slag): imingxuma enesanti (i-slag) eyenziwe kumphezulu wentsimbi yentsimbi ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwesanti kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo.
d) Iipores: ngenxa yomxube wegesi kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo, kunye nokwakheka kobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kumphezulu we-skim l ", udonga lomngxuma lugudileyo kunye nepeyari emile, ingqukuva, i-oval okanye imingxuma enaliti.
e (I-Ridged projection): I-spike (i-ridge) emile okwentsimbi ethelekelelwayo kumphezulu wecast cast. Ubume bokungaqhelekanga ngokugqithisileyo, ireticular okanye usasazo olufana nomthambo lweebhula ezibizwa ngokuba yimithambo.
f) Umsila wempuku: ukujula okungekho nzulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5~) kunye nee-engile ezibukhali zenziwa kumphezulu we-skimmer ngenxa yeziphene okanye ukuguqulwa komphezulu wesanti.
g) Ukwahlula okubandayo kunye nokuqhekeka: iintanda ezingenayo okanye ezingenakungeneka ezenziwe kumphezulu weentsimbi ezibunjwe ngokubunjwa kweekona ezijikelezileyo ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okungaphelelanga kohlobo lomdaniso. Kwi-epidermis ngokubanzi kunye nenethiwekhi enzulu ye-grooves ebizwa ngokuba yi-creases.
h) Sika isiva: intsimbi ephonswe kwinkqubo yokucoca, ukusika kunye nokuthulula, ukuphakama, ngenxa yokugqoka okungafanelekanga kwekhohlo.
i) Isiva: iiprotrus zentsimbi ezenziwe kumphezulu weentsimbi ezibunjiweyo zifana nesiva. Umphezulu urhabaxa, umphetho ubukhali, kukho isandi esincinci sesinyithi sethemba kunye nomzimba wentsimbi obotshwe ngesandla udityanisiwe, kwaye kukho umaleko wesanti phakathi kwesiva kunye nokuphosa.
j} Isiva sebrace: Ishiywe kumphezulu wentsimbi ephoswe kukusilela kwebrace okanye i-inner chiller ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo.
k) I-Welding scar: ukulungiswa kwe-welding ye-castings yentsimbi ishiywe ngenxa yokulungiswa kakubi emva kwe-welding.
l) Ubuso oburhabaxa: umphezulu wentsimbi yentsimbi ayigudi kwaye ayilingani.
Iifoto ze-4 zokulinganisa
4. 1 Chwetheza a): Crack